These results are produced using the champs-mortality R package, which is under active development. The statistics provided have not been fully validated and should not yet be treated as reliable.
Neural tube defects
In the causal chain
Results
Factor Adjustment Table
MITS Selection Stats
Condition Selection Stats
Bangladesh
Baliakandi (DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 0 		NTD-
N = 83
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 0 (0) 31 (37.3)
Neonate 0 (0) 51 (61.4)
Infants and Children 0 (0) 1 (1.2)
Sex P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Female 0 (0) 31 (37.3)
Male 0 (0) 52 (62.7)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 36.14%
None 0 (0) 3 (5.7)
Primary 0 (0) 35 (66.0)
Secondary 0 (0) 10 (18.9)
Tertiary 0 (0) 5 (9.4)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 0 (0) 51 (61.4)
Rainy 0 (0) 32 (38.6)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0) 4 (4.8)
Facility 0 (0) 79 (95.2)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 4.82%
Infection 0 (0) 0 (0.0)
Trauma 0 (0) 0 (0.0)
Other 0 (0) 79 (100.0)
Bangladesh
Faridpur (non-DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 3 		NTD-
N = 125
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.613 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 1 (33.3) 67 (53.6)
Neonate 2 (66.7) 56 (44.8)
Infants and Children 0 (0.0) 2 (1.6)
Sex P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Female 1 (33.3) 58 (46.4)
Male 2 (66.7) 67 (53.6)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 47.66%
None 0 (0.0) 7 (10.6)
Primary 1 (100.0) 38 (57.6)
Secondary 0 (0.0) 10 (15.2)
Tertiary 0 (0.0) 11 (16.7)
Season P-value: 0.551 , Missing: 0%
Dry 3 (100.0) 85 (68.0)
Rainy 0 (0.0) 40 (32.0)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0.0) 4 (3.2)
Facility 3 (100.0) 121 (96.8)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 5.47%
Infection 0 (0.0) 2 (1.7)
Trauma 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Other 3 (100.0) 116 (98.3)
Ethiopia
Haramaya, Harar, Kersa (DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 17 		NTD-
N = 149
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.016 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 15 (88.2) 77 (51.7)
Neonate 2 (11.8) 52 (34.9)
Infants and Children 0 (0.0) 20 (13.4)
Sex P-value: 0.004 , Missing: 0%
Female 14 (82.4) 65 (43.6)
Male 3 (17.6) 84 (56.4)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 82.53%
None 1 (100.0) 16 (57.1)
Primary 0 (0.0) 1 (3.6)
Secondary 0 (0.0) 1 (3.6)
Tertiary 0 (0.0) 10 (35.7)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 12 (70.6) 105 (70.5)
Rainy 5 (29.4) 44 (29.5)
Location P-value: 0.223 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0.0) 19 (12.8)
Facility 17 (100.0) 130 (87.2)
VA CoD P-value: 0.218 , Missing: 8.43%
Infection 0 (0.0) 16 (11.9)
Trauma 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Other 17 (100.0) 119 (88.1)
Kenya
Manyatta, Siaya (DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 1 		NTD-
N = 492
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.566 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 0 (0) 132 (26.8)
Neonate 1 (100) 146 (29.7)
Infants and Children 0 (0) 214 (43.5)
Sex P-value: 0.465 , Missing: 0.2%
Female 1 (100) 228 (46.4)
Male 0 (0) 263 (53.6)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 44.42%
None 0 (0) 5 (1.8)
Primary 0 (0) 107 (39.1)
Secondary 0 (0) 107 (39.1)
Tertiary 0 (0) 55 (20.1)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 0 (0) 224 (45.5)
Rainy 1 (100) 268 (54.5)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0) 112 (22.8)
Facility 1 (100) 380 (77.2)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 10.75%
Infection 0 (0) 149 (33.9)
Trauma 0 (0) 5 (1.1)
Other 1 (100) 285 (64.9)
Mali
Bamako (non-DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 0 		NTD-
N = 193
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 0 (0) 71 (36.8)
Neonate 0 (0) 71 (36.8)
Infants and Children 0 (0) 51 (26.4)
Sex P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Female 0 (0) 98 (50.8)
Male 0 (0) 95 (49.2)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 11.4%
None 0 (0) 69 (40.4)
Primary 0 (0) 70 (40.9)
Secondary 0 (0) 28 (16.4)
Tertiary 0 (0) 4 (2.3)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 0 (0) 109 (56.5)
Rainy 0 (0) 84 (43.5)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0) 44 (22.8)
Facility 0 (0) 149 (77.2)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 5.7%
Infection 0 (0) 35 (19.2)
Trauma 0 (0) 1 (0.5)
Other 0 (0) 146 (80.2)
Mozambique
Manhica (DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 3 		NTD-
N = 275
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.79 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 2 (66.7) 115 (41.8)
Neonate 1 (33.3) 91 (33.1)
Infants and Children 0 (0.0) 69 (25.1)
Sex P-value: 0.064 , Missing: 0%
Female 3 (100.0) 109 (39.6)
Male 0 (0.0) 166 (60.4)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 98.2%
None 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Primary 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Secondary 0 (0.0) 4 (80.0)
Tertiary 0 (0.0) 1 (20.0)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 2 (66.7) 138 (50.2)
Rainy 1 (33.3) 137 (49.8)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0.0) 28 (10.2)
Facility 3 (100.0) 247 (89.8)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 10.43%
Infection 0 (0.0) 53 (21.5)
Trauma 0 (0.0) 2 (0.8)
Other 3 (100.0) 191 (77.6)
Mozambique
Quelimane (non-DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 4 		NTD-
N = 196
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.824 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 2 (50) 66 (33.7)
Neonate 2 (50) 89 (45.4)
Infants and Children 0 (0) 41 (20.9)
Sex P-value: 0.329 , Missing: 0%
Female 3 (75) 87 (44.4)
Male 1 (25) 109 (55.6)
Education P-value: 0.278 , Missing: 95.5%
None 1 (50) 0 (0.0)
Primary 0 (0) 1 (14.3)
Secondary 1 (50) 2 (28.6)
Tertiary 0 (0) 4 (57.1)
Season P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Dry 2 (50) 105 (53.6)
Rainy 2 (50) 91 (46.4)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0.5%
Community 0 (0) 3 (1.5)
Facility 4 (100) 192 (98.5)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 35.5%
Infection 0 (0) 20 (15.7)
Trauma 0 (0) 0 (0.0)
Other 2 (100) 107 (84.3)
Sierra Leone
Makeni (non-DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 3 		NTD-
N = 222
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.174 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 2 (66.7) 65 (29.3)
Neonate 1 (33.3) 58 (26.1)
Infants and Children 0 (0.0) 99 (44.6)
Sex P-value: 0.115 , Missing: 0%
Female 3 (100.0) 107 (48.2)
Male 0 (0.0) 115 (51.8)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 86.67%
None 0 (0.0) 6 (20.0)
Primary 0 (0.0) 2 (6.7)
Secondary 0 (0.0) 14 (46.7)
Tertiary 0 (0.0) 8 (26.7)
Season P-value: 0.565 , Missing: 0%
Dry 3 (100.0) 161 (72.5)
Rainy 0 (0.0) 61 (27.5)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0.0) 25 (11.3)
Facility 3 (100.0) 197 (88.7)
VA CoD P-value: 0.567 , Missing: 12%
Infection 0 (0.0) 70 (35.9)
Trauma 0 (0.0) 2 (1.0)
Other 3 (100.0) 123 (63.1)
South Africa
Soweto (DSS)
Factors NTD+
N = 5 		NTD-
N = 690
n (%) n (%)
Age P-value: 0.713 , Missing: 0%
Stillbirth 0 (0) 122 (17.7)
Neonate 4 (80) 377 (54.6)
Infants and Children 1 (20) 191 (27.7)
Sex P-value: 0.654 , Missing: 0.43%
Female 3 (60) 287 (41.8)
Male 2 (40) 400 (58.2)
Education P-value: 1 , Missing: 99.71%
None 0 (0) 0 (0.0)
Primary 0 (0) 0 (0.0)
Secondary 0 (0) 1 (100.0)
Tertiary 1 (100) 0 (0.0)
Season P-value: 0.609 , Missing: 0%
Dry 3 (60) 511 (74.1)
Rainy 2 (40) 179 (25.9)
Location P-value: 1 , Missing: 0%
Community 0 (0) 36 (5.2)
Facility 5 (100) 654 (94.8)
VA CoD P-value: 1 , Missing: 27.77%
Infection 0 (0) 66 (13.2)
Trauma 0 (0) 13 (2.6)
Other 3 (100) 420 (84.2)